Risk Factors Associated with Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (ION) after Spinal Fusion Surgery
Six risk factors:
1) Male gender
2)Wilson frame
3)Anesthesia duration
4)EBL
5)Obesity
6)Decreased percent colloid
Diabetes and hypotension (less than 40% of baseline greater than 30 minutes) also weakly associated with visual loss.